With a shorter investment time horizon, parents of high school students should be more risk-averse when selecting 529 plan investments. Consider lowering your equity allocation to 20% or 30% and investing the remaining 70% to 80% in fixed-income portfolios consisting of bonds, CDs or money market funds.
To help these families, we've listed six common ways you can save for college, and the biggest pros and cons of each:
Pietroburgo recommends switching from a 80 percent aggressive, 20 percent conservative investment mix to either a 50-50 mix or a 60 percent aggressive, 40 percent conservative formula once your child begins middle school.
Your ideal asset allocation is the mix of investments, from most aggressive to safest, that will earn the total return over time that you need. The mix includes stocks, bonds, and cash or money market securities. The percentage of your portfolio you devote to each depends on your time frame and your tolerance for risk.
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Funds from a 529 plan that are not used for qualifying college expenses are subject to a 10% penalty and any gains are taxed at the parent's marginal tax rate, which can be as high as 37% for tax year 2020 . If the beneficiary of the 529 plan receives a scholarship, the 10% penalty is waived.
A 529 plan could mean less financial aid.
The largest drawback to a 529 plan is that colleges consider it when deciding on financial aid. This means your child could receive less financial aid than you might otherwise need.
Roth IRAs
Another 529 alternative to put away money for college and invest it for a potentially larger return is to utilize an account intended for retirement, such as a Roth IRA. Roth IRAs are individual retirement accounts that allow people to save and invest after-tax money.
True or false: I will lose the money if my child doesn't go to college or gets a scholarship and doesn't need all the money. False. You don't lose unused money in a 529 plan. ... You can withdraw the amount of any scholarship awards from your 529 without penalty; federal and state income taxes on the earnings still apply.
Here are five of the top 529 plans:
Pros and Cons of 529 Plans
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| Federal income tax benefits, and sometimes state tax benefits | Must use funds for education |
| Low maintenance | Limitations on state tax benefits |
| High contribution limits | No self-directed investments |
| Flexibility | Fees |
Many people saving for college choose 529 plans as their investment vehicles, and that's for good reason. 529 plans offer tax advantages that can help you allocate even more dollars to education expenses. There are a variety of plans available, and you're not limited to just your own state's plan.
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